1/Khopolo

Hamore ea metsi e boetse e bitsoa hamore ea metsi. Nakong ea ho tsamaisa metsi (kapa lino tse ling), ka lebaka la ho bula kapa ho koala ka tšohanyetsoApi Butterfly Valve, li-valve tsa heke, hlahloba li-vavles leli-valve tsa bolo. ho emisa ka tšohanyetso ha lipompo tsa metsi, ho bula ka tšohanyetso le ho koala li-vane tsa tataiso, joalo-joalo, lebelo la phallo le fetoha ka tšohanyetso mme khatello e fetoha haholo. Phello ea hamore ea metsi ke lentsoe le hlakileng. E bolela hamore e matla ea metsi e bakoang ke tšusumetso ea phallo ea metsi pompong ha pompo ea metsi e qala le ho emisoa. Hobane ka har'a pipe ea metsi, lerako le ka hare la phala le boreleli 'me metsi a phalla ka bolokolohi. Ha valve e bulehileng e koaloa ka tšohanyetso kapa pompo ea phepelo ea metsi e emisoa, phallo ea metsi e tla hlahisa khatello holim'a lerako le lebota la phala, haholo-holo valve kapa pompo. Hobane lerako la phala le boreleli, tlas'a ketso ea inertia ea ho phalla ha metsi ka mor'a moo, matla a hydraulic a fihla ka potlako 'me a hlahisa liphello tse senyang. Ena ke "phello ea hamore ea metsi" ho li-hydraulics, ke hore, hamore e ntle ea metsi. Ho fapana le hoo, ha valve e koetsoeng e buloa ka tšohanyetso kapa pompo ea metsi e qala, hamore ea metsi e tla boela e hlahe, e bitsoang hamore e mpe ea metsi, empa ha e kholo joaloka ea pele. Tšusumetso ea khatello e tla etsa hore lerako la phala le hatellehe 'me le hlahise lerata, joalo ka ha hamore e otla phala, kahoo e bitsoa phello ea hamore ea metsi.

2/Likotsi

Khatello ea hang-hang e hlahisoang ke hamore ea metsi e ka fihla makhetlo a mangata kapa esita le makhetlo a makholo ho feta khatello e tloaelehileng ea ho sebetsa phapeng. Liphetoho tse kholo joalo tsa khatello li ka baka ho thothomela ho matla kapa lerata tsamaisong ea liphaephe 'me li ka senya manonyeletso a li-valve. E na le phello e senyang haholo tsamaisong ea liphaephe. E le ho thibela hamore ea metsi, tsamaiso ea liphaephe e lokela ho raloa ka nepo ho thibela sekhahla sa phallo hore se be holimo haholo. Ka kakaretso, lebelo la phallo e entsoeng ka phaephe e lokela ho ba ka tlase ho 3m / s, 'me lebelo la ho bula le ho koala la valve le hloka ho laoloa.
Kaha pompo e qala, e emisoa, 'me li-valve li buloa le ho koaloa kapele, lebelo la metsi le fetoha haholo, haholo-holo hamore ea metsi e bakoang ke ho emisa ka tšohanyetso ha pompo, e ka senyang liphaephe, lipompo tsa metsi le li-valve, le etsa hore pompo ea metsi e khutlele morao le ho fokotsa khatello ea marang-rang ea liphaephe. Phello ea hamore ea metsi e senya haholo: haeba khatello e phahame haholo, e tla etsa hore phala e phatlohe. Ho e-na le hoo, haeba khatello e le tlase haholo, e tla etsa hore phala e oele ebe e senya li-valve le ho lokisa. Ka nako e khuts'oane haholo, sekhahla sa phallo ea metsi se eketseha ho tloha ho zero ho ea ho sekhahla sa phallo e lekantsoeng. Kaha maro a na le matla a kinetic le tekanyo e itseng ea ho hatelloa, liphetoho tse kholo tsa sekhahla sa phallo ka nako e khuts'oane haholo li tla baka khatello e phahameng le e tlase ho phaephe.

3/etsa

Ho na le mabaka a mangata bakeng sa hamore ea metsi. Lintlha tse tloaelehileng ke tse latelang:

1. Belofo e bula kapa e koala ka tšohanyetso;

2. Setsi sa pompo ea metsi se emisa ka tšohanyetso kapa se qala;

3. Pipe e le 'ngoe e tsamaisa metsi sebakeng se phahameng (phapang ea bophahamo ba sebaka sa phepelo ea metsi e feta limithara tse 20);

4 . Kakaretso ea ho phahamisa (kapa khatello ea ho sebetsa) ea pompo ea metsi e kholo;

5. Lebelo la ho phalla ha metsi phapeng ea metsi le leholo haholo;

6. Pepe ea metsi e telele haholo 'me sebaka se fetoha haholo.
7. Kaho e sa laoleheng ke kotsi e ipatileng mererong ea lipeipi tsa phepelo ea metsi
(1) Ka mohlala, tlhahiso ea li-pier tsa samente bakeng sa li-tee, li-elbows, li-reducers le manonyeletso a mang ha li finyelle litlhoko.
Ho ea ka "Technical Regulations for Buried Rigid Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Water Pipeline Engineering", li-pipe tsa samente li lokela ho kenngoa manonyeletsong a kang li-tee, litsoele, li-reducers le liphaephe tse ling tse bophara ba ≥110mm ho thibela liphaephe ho tsamaea. "Concrete thrust piers" Ha ea lokela ho ba ka tlase ho sehlopha sa C15, 'me e lokela ho lahleloa setšeng holim'a motheo oa mobu oa pele o chekiloeng le moepa oa foro. Mekha e meng ea kaho ha e ele hloko ka ho lekaneng karolo ea li-thrust piers. Ba kokotela thupeng ea lepolanka kapa ba khitla ntlha ea tšepe e haufi le phaephe hore e sebetse e le thipa e phunyeletsang. Ka linako tse ling molumo oa pier ea samente o monyenyane haholo kapa ha o tšeloe mobung oa pele. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, li-thrust pier tse ling ha li matla ka ho lekaneng. Ka lebaka leo, nakong ea ts'ebetso ea lipeipi, li-thrust piers li ke ke tsa sebetsa 'me tsa fetoha lefeela, e leng se etsang hore lisebelisoa tsa liphaephe tse kang li-tee le litsoe li senyehe le ho senyeha. .
(2) Valve ea ho qeta ka mokhoa o itekanetseng ha e kenngoe kapa boemo ba ho kenya ha bo utloahale.
Ho ea ka molao-motheo oa li-hydraulics, li-valve tsa ho qeta ka boiketsetso li lokela ho etsoa le ho kenngoa libakeng tse phahameng tsa liphaephe libakeng tse lithaba kapa maralleng a nang le maqhubu a maholo. Esita le libakeng tse thota tse nang le sebaka se senyenyane se kolokileng, liphaephe li tlameha ho etsoa ka mahlale ha ho cheka liforo. Ho na le ho phahama le ho theoha, ho phahama kapa ho theoha ka mokhoa oa cyclical, letsoapo ha le ka tlase ho 1/500, 'me li-valve tsa ho qeta 1-2 li entsoe sebakeng se phahameng ka ho fetisisa sa k'hilomithara e' ngoe le e 'ngoe. .
Hobane nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho tsamaisa metsi pompong, khase e pompong e tla tsoa 'me e bokellane likarolong tse phahamisitsoeng tsa phaephe, esita le ho etsa hore moea o thibele. Ha sekhahla sa phallo ea metsi liphaepheng se fetoha, lipokotho tsa moea tse entsoeng likarolong tse phahamisitsoeng li tla tsoela pele ho hatelloa le ho atolosoa, 'me khase e tla ba Khatello e hlahisoang ka mor'a hore khatello e be matla ka makhetlo a mangata kapa a makholo ho feta khatello e hlahisoang ka mor'a moo. metsi a hatelloa (akhaonto ea sechaba: Pump Butler). Ka nako ena, karolo ena ea phaephe e nang le likotsi tse patehileng e ka lebisa maemong a latelang:
• Ka mor'a hore metsi a fetele ka holimo ho phala, metsi a rothang a nyamela tlase. Lebaka ke hobane mokotla oa moea o ka har'a phala o thibela ho phalla ha metsi, e leng ho bakang karohano ea litšiea tsa metsi. .
• Khase e hatelitsoeng ka har'a phaephe e hatelloa ho isa tekanyong e phahameng 'me e atoloha ka potlako, e leng se etsang hore phaepe e phatlohe. .
• Ha metsi a tsoang mohloling oa metsi a phahameng a tsamaisoa ho theosa le molapo ka lebelo le itseng ka phallo ea khoheli, ka mor'a hore valve e ka holimo e koalehe ka potlako, ka lebaka la inertia ea phapang ea bophahamo le lebelo la phallo, kholomo ea metsi ka pipeng e ka holimo ha e emise hang-hang. . E ntse e tsamaea ka lebelo le itseng. Lebelo le phallela tlase. Ka nako ena, ho etsoa vacuum ka har'a phaephe hobane moea o ke ke oa tlalisoa ka nako, e leng se etsang hore pipeline e fokotsoe ke khatello e mpe ebe e senyeha.
(3) Mobu oa foro le backfill ha o kopane le melaoana.
Hangata liforo tse sa tšoaneleheng li bonoa libakeng tse lithaba, haholo-holo hobane ho na le majoe a mangata libakeng tse itseng. Liforo li chekoa ka letsoho kapa ho phatloha ka liqhomane. Botlaaseng ba foro ha boa lekana 'me bo na le majoe a bohale a hlahelletseng. Ha u kopana le sena, Tabeng ena, ho ea ka melao e amehang, majoe a ka tlaase ho foro a lokela ho tlosoa 'me ho behoe lehlabathe la lisenthimithara tse fetang 15 pele phala e ka kenngoa. Leha ho le joalo, basebetsi ba kaho ba ne ba se na boikarabelo kapa ba seha lihuku ’me ba ne ba beha lehlabathe ka ho toba ntle le ho betla lehlabathe kapa ka tsela ea tšoantšetso ba betla lehlabathe. Phaephe e behiloe holim'a majoe. Ha ho khutlisetsoa morao 'me metsi a kenngoa ts'ebetsong, ka lebaka la boima ba phala ka boeona, khatello ea lefatše e otlolohileng, mojaro oa koloi holim'a liphaephe, le bophahamo ba matla a khoheli, e tšehetsoa ke lejoe le le leng kapa a 'maloa a phahamisitsoeng a bohale. botlaaseng ba phaephe. , khatello e feteletseng ea khatello ea kelello, pipeline e ka 'na ea senyeha haholo nakong ena' me ea phunyeha ka tsela e otlolohileng ntlheng ena. Sena ke seo hangata batho ba se bitsang "score effect". .

4/Mehato

Ho na le mehato e mengata ea tšireletso bakeng sa hamore ea metsi, empa mehato e fapaneng e lokela ho nkoa ho latela lisosa tse ka bang teng tsa hamore ea metsi.
1. Ho fokotsa sekhahla sa phallo ea lipeipi tsa metsi ho ka fokotsa khatello ea hamore ea metsi ho isa bohōleng bo itseng, empa ho tla eketsa bophara ba lipeipi tsa metsi le ho eketsa matsete a morero. Ha ho raloa lipeipi tsa metsi, ho lokela ho nahanoa ka ho qoba li-humps kapa liphetoho tse matla letsoapong ho fokotsa bolelele ba lipeipi tsa metsi. Ha phaephe e le telele, boleng ba hamore ea metsi bo eketseha ha pompo e emisoa. Ho tloha seteisheneng se le seng sa pompo ho ea ho tse peli tsa ho pompa, ho sebelisoa seliba sa ho hula metsi ho hokahanya liteishene tse peli tsa ho pompa.
Hamore ea metsi ha pompo e emisoa

Seo ho thoeng ke pompo-e emisa hamore ea metsi e bua ka ts'ebetso ea hydraulic shock e bakoang ke liphetoho tsa tšohanyetso tsa lebelo la phallo ea pompo ea metsi le liphaephe tsa khatello ha valve e buloa le ho emisoa ka lebaka la ho tima ka tšohanyetso kapa mabaka a mang. Ka mohlala, ho hlōleha ha tsamaiso ea matla kapa lisebelisoa tsa motlakase, ka linako tse ling ho hlōleha ha mochine oa pompo ea metsi, joalo-joalo ho ka etsa hore pompo ea centrifugal e bule valve le ho emisa, ho fella ka hamore ea metsi ha pompo e emisoa. Boholo ba hamore ea metsi ha pompo e emisoa haholo-holo e amana le hlooho ea geometri ea kamore ea pompo. Ha hlooho ea geometri e phahame, boleng ba hamore ea metsi bo boholo ha pompo e emisoa. Ka hona, hlooho ea pompo e utloahalang e lokela ho khethoa ho latela maemo a sebele a sebaka seo.

Khatello e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea hamore ea metsi ha pompo e emisoa e ka fihla ho 200% ea khatello e tloaelehileng ea ho sebetsa, kapa esita le ho feta, e ka senyang liphaephe le lisebelisoa. Likotsi tse akaretsang li baka “ho lutla ha metsi” le ho khaoha ha metsi; likotsi tse mpe li etsa hore phaposi ea pompo e tlala metsi, lisebelisoa li senyehe, 'me lisebelisoa li senyehe. senya kapa ho baka kotsi kapa lefu.

Ka mor'a ho emisa pompo ka lebaka la kotsi, emela ho fihlela phala ka mor'a valve ea ho hlahloba e tletse metsi pele u qala pompo. U se ke ua bula ka ho feletseng valve ea ho ntša pompo ea metsi ha u qala pompo, ho seng joalo ho tla ba le tšusumetso e kholo ea metsi. Likotsi tse kholo tsa hamore ea metsi liteisheneng tse ngata tsa ho pompa hangata li etsahala tlas'a maemo a joalo.

2. Theha sesebelisoa sa ho felisa hamore ea metsi
(1) Ho sebelisa theknoloji ea kamehla ea taolo ea motlakase
Sistimi ea taolo ea othomathike ea PLC e sebelisoa ho laola pompo ka lebelo le feto-fetohang le ho laola ts'ebetso ea sistimi eohle ea phaposi ea phaposi ea metsi. Kaha khatello ea marang-rang ea lipeipi tsa metsi a ntse a tsoela pele ho fetoha ka liphetoho tsa maemo a sebetsang, khatello e tlaase kapa khatello e feteletseng hangata e etsahala nakong ea ts'ebetso ea tsamaiso, e ka bakang hamore ea metsi habonolo, e lebisang ho senyeha ha liphaephe le lisebelisoa. Sistimi ea taolo ea othomathike ea PLC e sebelisoa ho laola marang-rang a liphaephe. Ho lemoha khatello, ho laola maikutlo a ho qala le ho emisa pompo ea metsi le phetoho ea lebelo, ho laola ho phalla, 'me kahoo ho boloka khatello ka tekanyo e itseng. Khatello ea phepelo ea metsi ea pompo e ka behoa ka ho laola microcomputer ho boloka phepelo ea metsi khafetsa le ho qoba ho fetoha ha khatello e feteletseng. Monyetla oa hamore ea metsi o fokotsehile.
(2) Kenya mochini o felisang hamore ea metsi
Sesebelisoa sena se thibela haholo hamore ea metsi ha pompo e emisoa. Hangata e kenngoa haufi le phaephe ea ho tsoa ea pompo ea metsi. E sebelisa khatello ea phala ka boeona e le matla a ho lemoha ketso e itekanetseng ea khatello e tlaase. Ke hore, ha khatello ea pipe e le tlase ho feta tekanyo ea tšireletso e behiloeng, sekepe sa drain se tla buleha ka ho toba ho ntša metsi. Phokotso ea khatello e sebelisoa ho leka-lekanya khatello ea liphaephe tsa lehae le ho thibela tšusumetso ea hamore ea metsi lisebelisoa le liphaephe. Li-eliminators ka kakaretso li ka aroloa ka mefuta e 'meli: mochini le hydraulic. Li-eliminator tsa mechine li khutlisetsoa morao ka mor'a ketso, ha li-eliminator tsa hydraulic li ka etsoa bocha.
(3) Kenya valve ea ho hlahloba e koalang butle holim'a phala e ntšang pompo ea metsi e bophara bo boholo

E ka atleha ho felisa hamore ea metsi ha pompo e emisoa, empa hobane palo e itseng ea metsi e tla phalla morao ha eApi 609valve e butsoitse, seliba sa ho huloa ha metsi se tlameha ho ba le phala e phallang. Ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea li-valve tsa ho hlahloba tse koalang butle: mofuta oa hamore le mofuta oa polokelo ea matla. Mofuta ona oa valve o ka fetola nako ea ho koala valve ka har'a mefuta e itseng kamoo ho hlokahalang (oa amoheleha ho latela: Pump Butler). Ka kakaretso, valve e koala 70% ho 80% nakong ea metsotsoana e 3 ho isa ho e 7 ka mor'a ho tima ha motlakase. Nako e setseng ea 20% ho isa ho 30% ea ho koala e lokisoa ho latela maemo a pompo ea metsi le liphaephe, ka kakaretso ho tloha metsotsoana e 10 ho isa ho e 30. Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore ha ho na le hump ka pipeline 'me hamore ea metsi e etsahala, karolo ea valve ea ho hlahloba butle-butle e fokotsehile haholo.
(4) Theha tora e laolang khatello ea tsela e le 'ngoe
E hahiloe haufi le seteishene sa ho pompa kapa sebakeng se loketseng holim'a liphaephe, 'me bophahamo ba tora ea tsela e le' ngoe e tlaase ho feta khatello ea lipeipi moo. Ha khatello ea liphaephe e le ka tlase ho boemo ba metsi tora, tora e laolang khatello e khutlisetsa metsi pompong ho thibela kholomo ea metsi ho robeha le ho koala hamore ea metsi. Leha ho le joalo, phello ea eona ea ho fokotsa khatello holim'a hamore ea metsi ntle le hamore ea ho emisa metsi ea pompo, joalo ka hamore ea metsi e koalang valve, e lekanyelitsoe. Ho phaella moo, ts'ebetso ea valve ea tsela e le 'ngoe e sebelisoang tora e laolang khatello ea tsela e le' ngoe e tlameha ho tšepahala ka ho feletseng. Hang ha valve e hlōleha, e ka baka hamore e kholo ea metsi.
(5) Beha peipi ea bypass (valve) seteisheneng sa pompo
Ha tsamaiso ea pompo e sebetsa ka tloaelo, valve ea ho hlahloba e koetsoe hobane khatello ea metsi ka lehlakoreng la khatello ea pompo e phahame ho feta khatello ea metsi ka lehlakoreng la ho hula. Ha motlakase o khaoha ka tšohanyetso o emisa pompo, khatello e tsoang setsing sa pompo ea metsi e theoha haholo, ha khatello e lehlakoreng la ho hula e phahama haholo. Tlas'a khatello ena e fapaneng, metsi a nakoana a khatello e phahameng ka har'a phala e kholo ea ho monya metsi a sutumelletsa ho bula pente ea valve ea cheke ebe e phallela ho metsi a nakoana a khatello e tlase ea phala e kholo ea metsi, e leng se etsang hore khatello e tlase ea metsi moo e eketsehe; ka lehlakoreng le leng, pompo ea metsi Khatello ea hamore ea metsi e phahama ka lehlakoreng la ho hula le eona e fokotsehile. Ka tsela ena, ho phahama ha hamore ea metsi le ho theoha ha khatello mahlakoreng ka bobeli a seteishene sa pompo ea metsi ho laoloa, kahoo ho fokotsa le ho thibela likotsi tsa hamore ea metsi ka katleho.
(6) Theha valve ea ho hlahloba mekhahlelo e mengata
Ka pompong e telele ea metsi, eketsa e le 'ngoe kapa ho fetahlahloba li-valve, arola lipeipi tsa metsi ka likarolo tse 'maloa,' me u kenye valve ea ho hlahloba karolong ka 'ngoe. Ha metsi a pipe ea metsi a khutlela morao nakong ea hamore ea metsi, valve e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea ho hlahloba e koetsoe ka mor'a e 'ngoe ho arola phallo ea backflush likarolong tse' maloa. Kaha hlooho ea hydrostatic karolong e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea phala ea metsi (kapa karolo ea ho phalla ha backflush) e nyenyane haholo, tekanyo ea ho phalla ha metsi e fokotsehile. Matlafatsa hamore. Tekanyo ena ea tšireletso e ka sebelisoa ka katleho maemong ao phapang ea bophahamo ba phepelo ea metsi ea geometri e leng kholo; empa e ke ke ea felisa monyetla oa ho arohana ha litšiea tsa metsi. Bothata ba eona bo boholo ke: ho eketseha ha matla a matla a pompo ea metsi nakong ea ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng le litšenyehelo tse eketsehileng tsa phepelo ea metsi.